![]() Challenges of urban population growthįacing a population growth on such an astonishing scale, cities face three sustainability challenges: According to the Swiss-based international standards agency, International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC), “every day, urban areas grow by almost 150,000 people, either due to migration or births ”. The challenge is increasing at a frightening pace. Around the world, cities that were designed for yesterday’s populations, using yesterday’s technologies, are beginning to buckle under the strain of meeting the needs of today’s never-envisaged populations. With these rises comes a dramatic rise in demand on resources, from food and water through to energy, space, and clean air. By 2016, it had reached 32.28 million – an increase of 689% over the same 56-year period. In 1960, the country’s population was 4.09 million. In Saudi Arabia, the figures are even more startling. The World Bank puts the 2016 population at 7.44 billion – a rise of almost 146% in just 56 years. In 1960, the global population stood at a little more than three billion. The human population is growing faster than at any time in history. As the Saudi Arabian government pushes ahead with is stunning plans for a new ‘smart city’ called Neom, the most advanced city on the planet, Abdul Latif Jameel assesses the future of smart cities: what are they, how do they work, what are the theories behind them, and why are they so important for our future health – both economically and physically? Introduction
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